34 Je ne sens pas le froid
-ir
- Je ne cours plus parce que j'ai trop mal aux genoux - je souffre énormément. I don't run anymore because my knees hurt too much - I'm in great pain.
- Je pars bien avant le soleil de midi, et j'arrive le lendemain vers vingt heures. I leave well before the noon sun, and I arrive the following day around 8pm.
- Je m'arrête à mi-chemin, près de Sélestat, pour manger et dormir. I stop halfway, near Sélestat, to eat and sleep.
- J'y passe la nuit et repars après le petit-déjeuner. I spend the night there and leave again after breakfast.
- Oui, mais la pluie ne me gêne pas, et je ne sens pas le froid. Yes, but the rain doesn't bother me, and I don't feel the cold.
- Le patron ouvre la porte et nous dit : "C'est moi qui offre la tournée : qu'est-ce que je vous sers ?" The boss opens the door and says to us: "It's my round: what can I get you?"
The third sub-category of third-group verbs ends in -ir, which don't follow the regular -ir verb conjugation pattern of the second group (which adds -iss- in plural forms).
| Verb | Meaning | Present Participle | Conjugations (Je, Tu, Il/Elle/On, Nous, Vous, Ils/Elles) |
|---|---|---|---|
| courir | to run | courant | cours / cours / court / courons / courez / courent |
| dormir | to sleep | dormant | dors / dors / dort / dormons / dormez / dorment |
| mentir | to lie | mentant | mens / mens / ment / mentons / mentez / mentent |
| mourir | to die | mourant | meurs / meurs / meurt / mourons / mourez / meurent |
| offrir | to offer | offrant | offre / offres / offre / offrons / offrez / offrent |
| ouvrir | to open | ouvrant | ouvre / ouvres / ouvre / ouvrons / ouvrez / ouvrent |
| partir | to leave | partant | pars / pars / part / partons / partez / partent |
| repartir | to leave again | repartant | repars / repars / repart / repartons / repartez / repartent |
| sentir | to feel/smell | sentant | sens / sens / sent / sentons / sentez / sentent |
| servir | to serve | servant | sers / sers / sert / servons / servez / servent |
| sortir | to go out | sortant | sors / sors / sort / sortons / sortez / sortent |
| souffrir | to suffer | souffrant | souffre / souffres / souffre / souffrons / souffrez / souffrent |
| tenir | to hold | tenant | tiens / tiens / tient / tenons / tenez / tiennent |
| venir | to come | venant | viens / viens / vient / venons / venez / viennent |
Regular -ir verbs (second group)
The present participle of regular -ir verbs ends in -issant (e.g., finissant for "finir").
| Verb | Meaning | Present Participle | Conjugations (Je, Tu, Il/Elle/On, Nous, Vous, Ils/Elles) |
|---|---|---|---|
| finir | to finish | finissant | finis / finis / finit / finissons / finissez / finissent |
| choisir | to choose | choisissant | choisis / choisis / choisit / choisissons / choisissez / choisissent |
| répartir | to divide into to share out (=partager) | répartissant | répartis / répartis / répartit / répartissons / répartissez / répartissent |
plural for nouns ending in -ou
Seven nouns ending in ou that form their plural by adding x instead of the usual s. All other nouns ending in 'ou' form their plural by adding 's' (e.g., trou ➡ trous, clou ➡ clous).
| Singular | Plural | English Translation |
|---|---|---|
| bijou | bijoux | jewel(s) |
| caillou | cailloux | pebble(s) |
| chou | choux | cabbage(s) |
| genou | genoux | knee(s) |
| hibou | hiboux | owl(s) |
| joujou | joujoux | toy(s) |
| pou | poux | louse/lice |
y compris
- Ils l'organisent quatre fois par an, y compris en automne et en hiver. They organise it four times a year, including in autumn and winter.
- Toute la famille est invitée, y compris ton frère. The whole family is invited, including your brother.
- Tu connais Colmar ? - J'y habite. Do you know Colmar? - I live there.
il faut vs. il fait
| Expression | Meaning | Usage | Examples |
|---|---|---|---|
| Il faut | It is necessary, one must | Used to express necessity or obligation | Il faut étudier pour réussir. (One must study to succeed.) |
| Il fait | It is (weather), it makes | Used to describe weather or to make general statements | Il fait beau aujourd'hui. (It's nice weather today.) |
Detailed explanation:
-
Il faut:
- Comes from the verb "falloir" (to be necessary)
- Always impersonal (only used with "il")
- Often followed by an infinitive verb
- Can be used with "que" + subjunctive for more complex expressions
- Examples:
- Il faut manger des légumes. (It's necessary to eat vegetables.)
- Il faut que tu partes maintenant. (You must leave now.)
-
Il fait:
- Comes from the verb "faire" (to do, to make)
- Used for weather expressions
- Used in set phrases to describe general conditions
- Examples:
- Il fait chaud. (It's hot.)
- Il fait nuit. (It's dark/nighttime.)
- Il fait du vent. (It's windy.)
Key differences:
- "Il faut" expresses necessity or obligation, while "il fait" describes states or conditions.
- "Il faut" is often followed by an infinitive or "que" + subjunctive, while "il fait" is usually followed by an adjective or noun when describing weather.
Vocabulaire
| mots | explications |
|---|---|
| le randonneur | hiker |
| vers | PREP. towards, at about |
| chemin | path, way - en chemin on the way |
| mi-chemin | ADV. halfway |
| gêner | to bother, to feel awkward - Je ne voudrais pas vous gêner. I don't want to bother you. |
| tout de suite | straightaway - J'y vais tout de suite. I'll go straightaway. |
| le temps | weather, time - Je n'ai pas le temps pour ce mauvais temps. I don't have time for this bad weather. |
| le copain | friend, boyfriend |
| la copine | friend, girlfriend |